No, there is a big difference
There is a professional civil service in the United States and political appointments are only to fill the top tiers of government. These party-appointed officials rely on professionally trained civil servants with decades of experience in their particular field--something sorely lacking in the Dominican Republic and, indeed, Latin America.
Of course all political parties hand out jobs when they take office, but this has reached disgusting levels in the DR. Party loyalist are made forrest rangers, for example, because these are lucrative positions (taking bribes to look the other way while some illegal logging goes on). The worst example is the PRD's 2x2 proposal whereby democraticly elected congressmen would step down halfway through their four year term in order to let someone else hold the spot, thus "doubling" the number of jobs to hand out. So much for government being representative of the people.
The bottom line is that government is seen as a treasure chest to be looted and not as an instrument to serve the nation. (I am not naive enough to believe this doesn't happen in the US and other countries, but we are taking about degrees of intensity and the problem is much, much worse in the DR).
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